Occupational exposures to cytotoxic drugs, particularly in hospitals, must be assessed and controlled owing to the mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic character of certain of these compounds. In this context, INRS has developed an exposure assessment strategy based on urinary biomonitoring and measurement of surface contamination. This concern is shared by IOCOEM (Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Environmental Medicine) of the University of Munich (Germany), which has also developed an assessment strategy based exclusively on measuring of surface contamination and has published guidance values for 5-fluorouracile.